Abstract

This paper seeks to separate in theory and practice, structural and functional characteristics of various environmental mediation approaches. These approaches can be grouped into two basic model types that I call outcome-driven and processoriented. I argue that if mediation is outcome-driven rather than process-oriented, factors associated with power disparity will negatively influence the achievement of equal footing in the process. Two cases of environmental negotiations featuring mediation processes are examinedfrom a power/process perspective, demonstrating difficulties that can arise from the reality that some stakeholders are 'more equal' than others. The formats of negotiation are explored to contrast and compare strategies employed, and suggestions are made as to the relevance of outcome-driven and process-oriented mediation approaches to varying types of conflicts.

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